Skip to Main Content

Science Resources

What is a Reference Source?

Reference sources are an excellent first stop in your research pathway and are useful for:

  • Getting an overview of a topic
  • Getting ideas for a paper topic or narrowing your topic
  • Getting accurate and easy-to-understand definitions
  • Brainstorming keywords for searching and learning the vocabulary used by authors in that area
  • Discovering the key works on a given topic
  • Discovering the key authors on a given topic
  • Getting biographical information on key figures related to your topic

Reference sources that may help get you started include dictionaries and encyclopedias, however, you may also see terms like handbooks, introductions, and companions.

Encyclopedias and handbooks will provide:

  • A broad overview of your topic
  • Sub-topics and related issues
  • Controversies and criticism
  • Key thinkers or researchers in the area
  • References, recommended articles, and links to further reading

Dictionaries will offer a definition of your term and related terms that will be important as you develop your search strategy.

Where can I find them?

Search the library catalogue for dictionaries in your scientific field of interest using this strategy: Subject contains "dictionaries" and Any field contains your field or topic of interest. For this example we will use biology:

Library catalogue search for dictionaries related to biology.

If you want to see the most recently published dictionaries first, sort by Date - Newest in the Tweak my Results section. Choose Held by Library if you only want print dictionaries, or Full Text Online if you want to view electronic dictionaries online. Most print dictionaries are available for library use only (located in the Reference collection).

Options for filtering results from a library catalogue search.

Search the library catalogue for encyclopedias related to your scientific topic of interest using this strategy: Subject contains "encyclopedias" and Any field contains your topic of interest. For this example we'll use "biology":

Library catalogue search for encyclopedias about biology.

If you want to see the most recently published encyclopedias first, sort by Date - Newest in the Tweak my Results section. Choose Held by Library if you only want print dictionaries, or Full Text Online if you want to view electronic encyclopedias online. Most print encyclopedias are available for library use only (located in the Reference collection).

Filtering results for biology encyclopedias from a library catalogue search.

Other Reference Sources

Bibliographies/Reference Lists/Works Cited sections are required components of research papers, but they are also useful research sources in their own right. Often you can find your first few good sources by looking in the bibliographies of your required course readings (individual chapters may have bibliographies/reference lists, or there may be a bibliography/reference list at the end of the book).

Review articles are another great source when starting to research a topic. They provide many of the same benefits as the reference sources discussed above, but will likely be more specific and provide a more thorough introduction to a research topic. Review articles can:

  • Introduce competing viewpoints
  • Provide insight on future directions for research
  • Provide citations for key works 
  • Highlight important authors in the field

To find review articles in ScienceDirect select Review Articles on the left-hand side of the screen under Article type, or look for "Review article" above the title of an article.

ScienceDirect search results indicating Review articles.